The Galveston Daily News. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 55, No. 42, Ed. 1 Tuesday, May 5, 1896 Page: 5 of 12
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THE OAIAKSTOS DAILY NEWS. TUESDAY. MAY 5. 189ft
HOGG AT WAXAHACHIE
OPENS TIIE STATE CAMPAIGN I \
ELLIS WITH A REVIEW OF THE
MONEY QUESTION AND
THE FREE SILVER RECORD,
Devote* p. Parnnrnph to Gov. Culber-
Nou and Announces That He In Out
of Polities Till Next Fall.
Waxahachie, May 4.—The following is the
full text of Ex-Gov. Hogg's speech:
On the financial question Mr. Hogg- said:
A strange, sensational campaign, tilled with
the deepest bitterness, is now agitating the
American people in every quarter of the
United States on the financial question. It
has already assumed mammoth proportions
but its climax has not been reached. We
have but approached the picket lines of the
great conflict just ahead. Whatever the
result of this contest may be, the final
arbitrament will, for a decade at least,
greatly relieve the strained conditions of
our country, in good faith we should all
strive to settle the difficulties as early as
possible, with the least bitterness consist-
ent with patriotic duty and manly conduct.
That the best of men honestly differ and
arc disposed in the heat of argument to
grow unfriendly over the issue, or supposed
issue, no one can dispassionately deny.
The difference over the question, if
maintained in the forum of reason, can not
but lead to enlightenment and beneficent
results. Hut if it is to be settled in the low
pit of passion, the consequences must be
serious and are to be dreaded by every
patriot. Passion dethrones reason: wrath
destroys Justice. Passion and wrath are
the gross, brutal, beastly elements of man.
When they hold sway over reason man is,
to view him in his most favorable light, a
pitiful, poor animal. Now, 1 ask you all
to keep in a good humor. If you want to
yell, effervesce with enthusiasm and blow
off, all right. But don't get mad and say
hard things to your neighbor. Don't call
him a thief or a fool because he will not
agree with you. You can not win him in
that way. Abuse, substituted for logic, is
the fool's argument. Don't indulge in it.
Sometimes 1 hear of a man saying hard
things about myself—at a distance. At
first I get fretted—irritated—not mad. Then
1 reflect: 1 reason. in a itoment I con-
clude logically that the poor fellow is dis-
eased in some way: that most likely he has
a wart or a worm in his head. Then 1
pity him and upbraid the gossiper who
would ruffle my feelings by conveying such
news. The power to subdue passion and to
resort to reason is the most manly attri-
bute. Avoiding all intemperate words and
ill feeling in this campaign, we should
search for the true cause of this universal
political commotion and try to settle it
without embittennents or embarrassing
consequences.
To my mind the main issue or the dis-
turbing cause has been intentionally or un-
avoidably obscured by the enemies of silver
who control the daily papers. Most people
think it is bimetallism against mono-metal-
lism; or "silver anil gold at a ratio of 10 to
1 against a gold standard" as tho money of
our country. This question is of great im-
portance and is most seriously involved.
It is not the real or primary money, but its
adjustment will settle the main issue. At
all times it is well to understand the rela-
tive values, the debt-paying and purcahsing
power of these two great metals, and their
adaptability and use as money throughout
the world: but in discussing the present
great financial question now dally growing
more important to every citizen, it is better
to know what is the cause of ail this
trouble and to prepare to apply a suitable
remedy to It than to study and discuss
technical terms or economic theories. The
substantial, the real, the paramount, the
over-shadowing question now before the
people is plain, pointed, simple, practical.
It is not necessarily, "What shall the ratio
be?" nor "How shall we maintain tho
parity of gold and silver?" nor whether we
shall have bimetallism or monometallism.
It is not whether we 'shall continue the
use of both gold and silver as the money,
or adopt the single gold standard. These
are but heaps of brush piled up by the op-
position to hide the egg in the ground.
They are but dust thrown into the eyes of
the people to blind them. They are the
cunning devices contrived by the other
sid'' to delude them ami load thu<i on in
excitement until the fatal day dawns upon
them, when, panic-stricken, their only re-
lief will be tlight and surrender.
The question—Relieved of verbosity, sim-
ply stated, the main question to be settled
is this, "Shall the United States pay its
debts according to contract?" If not why
iDot? That's the question. Our national
government Is largely in debt. It Is the
remnant of the war expenses. Pay day is
near at hand. It 1s fast approaching. How
much does this government owe? To whom
Is it indebted? What are the terms of tho
contract? Will it be abb* to pay when the
debts become due? All these questions
Should lead the mind to dispassionate re-
flection and call for wise, patriotic, busl-
jiess-llke action. In the common business
affairs of every-day life they are all con-
sidered and acted on by every citizen who is
in debt and is honest enough to want to
pay up what he. owes. Then why can not
we so consider and act on them In relation
to our government? Whatever the people
command, the government must do, if they
command in the right way. Now then go
to work and give your orders in your sov-
ereign capacity. Do it through your pri-
maries and state conventions. See that
your wishes are expressed in your plat-
forms and pledge every candidate for office
to obey them, or defeat him. Now, as a
starter In this great work. I offer three in-
separable resolutions, which 1 ask you to
consider, to delmto and adopt:
1. Resolved, that the United States should
prepare to pay its debts on demand at
maturity according to the express terms of
tho contracts.
2. Resolved, that as all the debts of the
United States are payable In "coin," the
standard money, silver and gold, at the
ratio of 1H to 1, without discrimination,
according to the law in existence and the
terms of the contract made when the said
debts were incurred, we demand that thev
shall bo so paid at maturity, clear of modi-
fication or change in favor of or airalust
the government
i.3'i thfli Yie lU'mall|l H>0 U1) 1 in)-
it id tree coinage of silver and gold on equal
t without discrimination, by the
1 lilted States at the ratio of 10 to 1
No repudiation—Where is the man east
west, north or south: white or black' dem-
oeriLt. poijulist. republican, greenbacker,
prohibitionist, fence-rider, boltercrat or
mugwump, who will not vote for the fir«t
resolution? it simply expresses an honest
demand that the debts of the government
snail be honestly paid according to con-
tract? When you find a man against this
principle he is either a repudiutor, readv
and willing to see his government smirched
with dishonor by a refusal to pay Its debts
or he is a sycophantic boot lick, who for a
smile, even contemptuously bestowed by a
government creditor, would change the
contract to the detriment and injurv of the
people. In either role lie can not command
tho reverence an<t respect of his nelgh-
in > i'ay .^cowling to contract." This
will do for the leading motto to be inscribed
on every campaign banner ami taught to
every school child for the next ten years.
It this will not win. then lessons of repudi-
ation taught by high authorltv will spread
throughout the country t,> bring forth a
harvest of disaster and distress to everv
material interest and honorable citizen in
tho land.
The contracts—The second resolution in-
volves the question as to what are the con-
traeta They consist of two kinds: (1)
1 romises to pay on demand, without inter-
est, government notes, "paper money" (•>)
Promises to pay at specified times with In-
terest—government bonds. These notes
(paper money) and bonds are all payable In
coin—the standard money of the govern-
ment recognized by law at the time thev
onnfr^.^'f Examine the law and the
niVuViut i 1,1,8 proposition is not
absolutely correct. What was this "coin?"
in tW,Vs standard money" What are
l»« fo-day. 1 hey have always been, are
continue to be "silver and
gout — honest money.
. as 1837 congress passed a law
i tle ^stablftshment of a mint
Kint !s *rw .uf "coins" of the United
arS 1 nu°0,nM regulated were silver
and gold The ratio then established was
J,he present rati,, of 111 to 1. This was the
ittitlo when all the government debts were
onntnactted, and It so remains to-dav. Any
change of it, however slight, would be a
violation of these contracts. No person
wouid be permitted to change his contract
y-lhout the consent of all parties to It.
^either ihas the government this right.
It -those contracts are to be altered by a
cluinge of the established ratio of "lti to
1." the consent of the creditors must first
be had, and the terms agreed upon or
they will get the advantage they are now
seeking by having their obligations paid
in gold alone, Instead of berth gold and sil-
ver. or either, at the option of the gov-
ernment. Dnemles to silver call it "cheap
money." They say it is only worth "50
cents on the $1."
You can see then what the government—
the people—would lose and the creditors
gain by forcing the payments of these
debts in gold. What applies to the gov-
ernment, also applies to every person in
debt who has made a contract :< ay a trie in
"coin" or In lawful money. If the money
in which the debts can be lawfully and
honestly paid Is worth only "50 cetiits on
the $1," then to change tills feature of the
(oontraej would, of course, double the
debts. Manifestly this would be as bad a
bargain for the government and all debt-
ors as it would be profitable to the bond-
holders and the creditor class. Plainly,
therefore, you can see the issue. Take a
view of the facts and draw your own
conclusions of what we have ahead of us
on tills question. Look to the liabilities;
see when they are due, and consider the
resource's, the amount of money from
which they must be paid.
United States debts—According to the of-
ficial report of tiie secretary of the treas-
ury fot last February, the United States
owes:
Five per cent bonds due Feb. 1,
1904 $100,000,000
Four per cent bonds due July 1,
1907 559,634,300
Demand obligations and old
treasury notes 372,110,3(53
Also treasury notes of IStH) 136J1H.280
Making a total of $1,168,463,943
All these obligations or promises to pay
can be discharged in silver and gold, or
either, at the option of the government,
when t'hey are presented for payment or
become due. Mark you, there is over a
billion dollars of this indebtedness. Of
this tihere are over $♦>;"»o.ooo.oilj in bonds,
bearing interest. They will all become due
and collectable af the will of the holders
by July 1. 11H)7—jusit eleven years from next
July. Within this period we will have only
two presidential ejections after this year-
one in 1900 and the other in TJ04. Truly pay
day is near at hand. What shall we do?
9h::li we pay these debts? It Is idle to
ask such a question. Kvery man knows
they ought to be paid and must be paid.
Would net prudeqee, business sense, good
policy, dictate that we examine our re-
sources to see If we can discharge them
when due? Finding now that we can not,
would it not be wise to make the neces-
sary preparation to do so or to have them
adjusted without calamity to the public?
As all tlhese debts are payable in "coin"—
silver and gold, or both, at the option of
the government—it Is pertinent to see how
much of these two metals is in existence
within the whole United States and what
portion of it Is In the government treas-
ury. On this point the report of the secre-
tary of the treasury for last March shows:
Silver, general stock, coined
and issued $499,898,491
Silver bullion in the treasury 123,"l71,'28t>
Total silver $623,069,877
Gold, general stock, coined and
issued $562,633,658
Gold bullion in treasury 26,821.484
Total of gold $589,455,142
Therefore the aggregate amount of
coin" (standard money), sliver and gold,
in the treasury and out of it within the
whole United States 011 the 1st day of last
March amounted to $1,062,532,149, or one
hundred millions less than the debts of
the government which must be paid within
the next eleven years. Now suppose the
United States owned or could demand at
will every piece of gold ami silver within
her whole limits, how could she pav her
debts according to contract? If these debts
are not to be paid "according to contract,"
how shall they be paid? By what princi-
ple of justice or impulse of honesty or rule
of law shall the contract be changed or
repudiated? Will striking down silver help
out? Will doubling the debts Increase the
ability to pay, or will It be right to the
people? lr so, on what principle?
Take notice that these debts are not all
the demands on this small stock of coin.
This same treasury report shows that
there are outstanding against it the fol-
lowing other claims:
Gold certificates circulating as
money $44,3S4.4S9
Silver certificates circulating as
money 344,377,504
Bonds due In 1925 137.567,650
Certificates of deposit 33.070.000
To which add the last bond issue., loo.uoo.ooo
Total $660,110,923
These legitimate demands, added to the
other government obligations, amount to
over six hundred millions of dollars more
than all the "coin," silver and gold, in the
whole United States. And yet many hon-
est, but deluded men cry out that the "six-
teen-to-one-ers" want to pay off debts in
cheap money- |q 50-cent dollars! They
seem to lose sight of the contract and to
forget the fact that the gold money in the
United States amounts to over sixty mill-
ions more than there is of this so-called
"cheap money." They seem also to forget
that If the government owned and had in
her treasury every piece of both silver ami
gold within the limits of the United States
the obligations just mentioned could not
be paid by haJf-a billion dollars.
Then if this silver Is so cheap that it can
be had at 60 cents on the dollar, what ob-
jection can there be to the government
paying off her debts "according to con-
tract" In silver? This question raises a
howl of holy horror. The "business ele-
ment" say this would be repudiation pure
anil simple. Then the logic of their state-
ment Is that ItMs repudiation to "pay ac-
cording tq. contract." Following up this
logic to its legitimate end we find them
driven to the sad position that "it is not
repudiation to pay in some other way than
according to contract."
Responding they dodge and say: "This Is
not so. These bonds were payable in
'sound money' gold and were not payable
in silver." If they am correct in their po-
sition. then 1 am willing to see them paid
ill gold, for It would be unadulterated dis-
honesty to violate these contracts.
So the issue is presented on the allega-
tions made that these Inmds are payable
in gold alone. I deny it. How will we set-
tle it? Will not the law and the expressed
will of congress determine the contro-
versy? Watch these same "sound money"
advocates, tlies*- critics who find pleasure
in calling my sort cranks, fools, anarchists,
llatlsts, ropudlators and enemies to jhe
government- -watch them tloundcr and
Splutter when 1 read the Jfciw and what
congress long ago said 011 this very sub-
ject. The act of congress to strengthen
the public credit passed In March, lSt>9. is
as follows:
"Be it enacted by the senate and house
of representatives of the United States ol
America, In congress assembled, that in
order to remove any doubt as to the pur-
pose of the government to discharge all
just obligations to the public creditors,
and to settle conflicting questions ami in-
terpretations of tlie laws by virtue of
which such obligations have been contract-
ed. it Is hereby provided and declared
that the faith of the United States Is sol-
emnly pledged to the payment in 'coin' or
Its equivalent of all the obligations of the
United States not bearing Interest, known
as United States notes, and all of the in-
terest-bearing obligations of the United
States, exef-pt in cases where the law au-
thorizing the issuance of any such obli-
gation has exptessly provided that the
same nuty be paid In lawful money or
other currency than gold and silver, lint
none of said interest-bearing obligations
not already due shall be redeemed or paid
before maturity, unless at such time the
United States bonds shall bo convertible in-
to coin at the option of the holder, or un-
less ut such time bnds of the United States
bearing a lower rate of Interest than tile
bonds to be redeemed can be sold at par
ill col|i. And tin' United States also sol-
emnly pledges its faith to make provision
at the earliest practicable period fr the
redemption of the United States notes In
coin. '
And the act of 1870. authorizing the re-
funding of the national debt, provides:
"That the secretary of the treasury
shall 'ssue In a sum or sums not ex-
ceeding In the aggregate $200,000,000 cou-
pon or registered bonds of the United
States In such form as he may prescribe
and of denominations of $50. or some mul-
tiple of that sum, redeemable In coin of
tile present standard value, at the pleasure
of the United States • * • and the said
bonds shall have set forth and expressed
011 their face the above specified condi-
tions."
Under ami by virtue of this law every
bond of the government has been is-
sued. even Including those executed so
recently by Secretary Carlisle. You rec-
ollect President Cleveland, by message
to congress, asked the law changed so that
he could make them payable In gold, and
he was refused the privilege.
The "coin of the present standard value"
was the one In existence lln 1870 when the
law was passed, and Is the same which we
have to-day 16 to 1. There was no obli-
gation then nor now, and should never
be, to Pay these debts in "coin at the mar-
ket value." It is enough for the govern-
ment to permit the standard of value
S » to remain unchanged,
and let tho "market value" of coin alone.
If speculators choose to bull and bear the
prices of metals out of which coins are
made, the government should keep hands
off, for that Is none of her business.
When she coins the metallic money of the
constitution and sees that It is legal ten-
der for all public dues and private debts,
her duty Is at an end. The money will
take care of itself and can not depre-
ciate. This very issue was made by Pres-
ident Hayes In his message to congress
011 the subject Dec. 3. 1^77. In that mes-
sage, among other things, he said:
"All bonds that have been Issued since
Feb. 12, 1^73. when gold became the only
unlimited legal tender metallic currency
of the country, are justly payable in 'gold
colli of equal value.' "
His idea was that the bonds for all time
should be payable in "gold coin of equal
value" to what it was then. In other
words, he seemed to think that when the
government Issued bonds payable in "coin"
—silver or gold—It guaranteed that this coin
should remain as high In the future as it
was when the contract was made. You all
remember that In those days you could buy
about $125 in treasury notes with $100 In
gold. They are now at par. You also re-
member that cotton was then worth lt»
cents per pound and corn worth U per
bushel. The proposition of President Hays
would involve the question to-day as to
whether paper money had gone up or gold
had gone down. We all know that cotton
and corn have gone down. Under the law
°f the contract the government was sim-
ply obligated to pay these bonds In coin,
the standard money of the country, which
should be at all times legal tender for pub-
lic dues and private debts. This message of
the president, sent to congress in Decem-
ber, brought forth the v»ry next month
the following resolution of the senate and
house of representatives 011 the subject:
Whereas, by an act entitled "An act to
strengthen the public credit," approved
March 18, 1869, It was provided and declared
that the faith of the United States was
thereby solemnly pledged to the payment
In coin or its equivalent of all the inteivst-
bearing obligations of the United States,
except in cases where the law authorizing
the issue of such obligations had expressly
provided that tho same might l>e paid in
lawful money or other currency than gold
and silver; and
Whereas, all the bonds of the United
States authorized to be issued by the act
entitled "An act to authorize the refunding
of tho national debt," approved July 14,
1870, by the terms of said act were declared
to be redeemable in coin of the then pres-
ent standard value, bearing interest, pay-
able semi-annually in such coin: and
Whereas, all the bonds of the United
States authorized to be issued under the
act entitled "An act to provide for the re-
sumption of specie payments," approved
Jan. 14, 1875, are required to be of the de-
scription of the bonds of the United States
described in the said act of congress ap-
proved July 14, 1870, entitled "A11 act to au-
thorize the refunding of the national debt,"
and
Whereas, at the date of the passage of
the said act of congress aforesaid, to-wit,
the 14th of July, 1870. the coin of the
United States of the standard value of that
date included silver dollars of the weight
of 412*2 grains each, declared by the act ap-
proved Jan. VS. 1S37. entitled "A11 act sup-
plementary to the act entitled 'An act es-
tablishing a mint and regulating the coins
of the United States,' " to be a legal ten-
der of payment according to their nominal
value, for any sums whatever.
Therefore resolved, by the senate, the
house of representatives concurring herein
that all the bonds of the. United States is-
sued under the said acts of congress here-
inbefore recited are payable, principal and
interest, at the option of the government
ot tho I lilted States in silver dollars of the
coinage of the United States containing
412*2 grains each of standard silver: and
that to restore its coinage, such silver coins
as legal tender in payment of said bonds,
principal and interest, is not in violation
of the public faith, nor in derogation of
tho rights of the public creditor.
_ ((Sen Congressional IteeorU, 1878, volumo
7, part 1, page 027.)
„tlow does tins answer tho so-ealle.t
sound money" advocates? It remains now
for them to dispute the laws ami the Con-
gressional Record. No, they will not do
that. 1 hey will just simply call that con-
gress "cranks, anarchists, repudiators!"
And thus they will go on. These mon
ought to say to the government what thev
do to those who are In debt to them: "Pay
your debts according to contract." Sup-
pose a farmer should in writing promise
to pay to bearer on demand or at a dav
certain 100 bushels of corn. Could he no*t
honestly pay that debt off in yellow and
white corn, or either, at his own conven-
ience? To this you say "Yes." Certainly
so. Now suppose after he makes this note
the nulls quit grinding and the merchants
quit handling white corn because, as theiy
say, It is too common—too cheap—that the
commercial world don't want it. Under
such conditions you know the demand for
yellow corn would double and In that pro-
portion Increase In price. The use of white
corn lor stock food would probably main-
tain its old price, but it would lack a great
deal of selling for as much as the favored
yellow article. When this disparity is thus
forced between the colors of corn by tho
arbitrary action of the millers, the holder
demands payment of this note in yellow
corn The farmer tells him lie will pay
him In "corn"- such as he lias on hand;
that he has a little* of the yellow and quite
a lot id* the white. The creditor wets mad
and denounces tho farmer as a crank, its
a repudiator, as a dishonest man for want-
ing to pay off his debt in cheap corn -for
proposing to pay acocrdlng to contract'
tin this Issue which aide do you take?
W hat side would any honorable man take?
Would you say, "Pay as promised," or
I'ay as the creditor demands?" Tho
questions answer themselves. This "corn"
obligation of the farmer, in law and jus-
tice, stands like the "coin" obligation of
tiie government they each should be paid
according to contract. When we ail agrc.
to this simple rule of honesty then tho
matter will lie settled; for It will take the
unlimited tree coinage of silver and gold
at the olil and present ratio of Pi to 1 for
the next ten years at least to do it. When
we get these debts paid "according to con-
n-act, we can then with more grace dis-
cuss theories, ratio, parity, bimetallism in
ternational agreement and other like ques-
tions to our hearts' content, in emergen-
cies lie practical. At other times, be theo-
retical. A crisis now confronts us. Let us
prepare to pay as we have promised.
Honest money—The third resolution com-
mits you to \ote for honest money in the
democratic primaries on the «th of next
month. There is a great difference be-
tween "honest money" and "sound
money." 1'nfortunatoly our party has
within its organisation both "honest monev
democrats" and "sound money democrats "
Any metallic money is "sound," but It
takes both kinds to lie honest, for as ex-
plained before, our treasury notes and
government bonds are payable In silver and
gold, or either, at the pleasure and con-
venience of the government. So that the
inone> which will pay our debts "according
to contract" is honest money. Our partv
on more than one occasion has denominat-
ed both gold 1111.1 silver as "honest molun "
It never used the term "sound money " *
The democratic national platform'in isso
on this subject declared:
"We believe in honest monev—the gold
and silver coinage of the constitution— ami
a circulating medium convertible into such
money without loss."
The "honest money democrats" are of
long standing. They are those who favor
the motto ot "pay according to contract "
and are tor Hilvcr and gold as the unit cif
\alue- tiie standard money at the old and
present ratio of Hi to 1. The so-called
"sound money democrats" are of verv
recent origin. They were never heard o'f
until about three \ cars ago. It' they suc-
ceed, the effect of their work will be to
change the government obligations so as
to make them nil payable In gold and to
hereafter openu, tills government on the
single gold standard. Headed by tile presi-
dent and tiie secretary or the treasury
they have stopped the coinage of silver
dollars and run the government with bond
issues, and the republican administration
of lsstt prohibited tiie further coinage of
gold dollars and ordered them all taken up
and coined into larger pieces. So we are
confronted witli the strange spectacle of
having our mints closed to the coinage of
both gold and silver dollars, iionesty "good
sense, patriotism, justice, demand' that
this condition be changed. Ho 1 under-
stand you to say that the coinage uf gold
dollars has not been prohibited'' Well
now. how can I convince you of vour er-
ror? Will you take the law for It? Here
It is -read It for yourself, it is as fol-
lows :
"He It enacted by the senate and house
ot representatives of the I'nlted States of
America in congress assembled, thai from
and after the passage of this act the
coinage of the $3 gold piece, the il gold
piece and the :l cent nickle piece be and
the same is hereby prohibited and the
pieces named shall not be struck or issued
by the mint of the United States
•Section 2 That as fast .is tire said
coins shall be paid into tin treasury of
the 11 id ted States they shall be wlth-
d.awn iron; circulation ami lie recoiiit-d
Into other denominations of coins.
"Section 3. That ail laws and parts of
laws In conflict with this act are herein-
repealed. (Act ot congress. Sept. liti >
See coinuge laws, page 73.
\\e Ju'ltr a great deal said about tho
gold dollar being the unit of value—the
measure of value—the inflexible, stab'
"yard stick." If we are to depend on
it as the measure or unit of value or as
this much discussed "yard stick." then we
must do without a measure. Long ago
it lias been destroyed and is no longer
in existence. Honest money democrats
waul it reconstructed, resurrected, its
coinage continued, and returned to tiie
people alongside of its old time mate and
associate, the silver dollar. A govern-
ment without either gold or silver dollars
is without any dollars. To be without dol-
lars is a pitiful condition, void of reason
or excuse. As fast as the gold dollars
are paid into the' treasury, thev are mold-
ed into other coins., This is tiie law. And
this accounts for the fact that we hava
comparatively no gold dollars in circula-
tion. The government has molded them
into large pieces. No one wants silver
moulded into larger or gold into smaller
denominations than dollars. Hollar pieets
are outlawed. Shall we permit this con-
dition to remain? If so, why? I am eon-
fldtiet many men who call themselves
"sound money democrats' do not know
that such Is the law. Thev have been
misled. Now reason with them. Treat
them with respect and consideration and
they will yet change and vote and work
for "honest money"—the monev of the
constitution—the money of the fathers--
the debt-paying money—silver and gold at
the ratio of ]C to 1.
1 could demonstrate, as other sneakers
have lone, that the annual interest'on the
Knglish and French publii debts .alone de-
mands more gold than the annual output
(t that metal from every mine and mint
in the whole world; that the state, muni-
cipal and railway bond debts in tiie United
States amount now to more than all the
silver mid gold out of the ground in the
world, and that It would take the whole
annual output of the two metals to pay
the interest charges on these debts; that
scarce money, as scarce corn, makes the
remaining article high: that a contracted
currency produces bankruptcy, pauper la-
bor and leads to crime.
But I must close with the reneated
Statement of what I understand to be the
issue now upon us. which call not. should
must not. lie dodged or ."ade.l: "Shall tile
I nited States pay their debts according to
' .ntraet? If the people will answer this
in the affirmative, then it carries with it
1 he rightful, the honest, the logical result
4'net We shall have lie- i/ubcienden-t, the
unlimited, (he undiseriminating, the free
coinage of both silver and gold at the
ratio of Hi to 1 by the rnltid States gov-
ernment.
To get the sense of this vast audience. I
shall here put each of Uiese resolutions to
a vote. All who favor tiie adoption of the
nr-t resolution say aud rise. All
who oppose tt say "N.iv" and rise The
resolution Is carried uiKiiiinvousk All
those who favor the aikption of resolution
No. 2 say "Yea" and rise, (Nearly every-
body rises.) All who oppose it say "Nay"
rise. (A very small number against
it.) The resolution is carried almost with-
out dissent.
All who favor resolution Xo. 3 say "Yea"
and rise, hook how the people stand uo
on this question! They can out be counted.
All who oppose it say "N'av" and rise.
Count them. Mr. Reporters. 'This resolu-
tion is also carried by almost a unanimous
vote.
Such will be the result before an au-
dience of the masses of everv issue sound-
ing in honesty against repudiation—in jus-
tice against crime. Let »1. mccrats remain
together and settle their family difficulties
in th^house of their fathers.
0|1tt e subject of the state government.
Mr. Hogtf said: We have an able, honest,
clean, eeonomk-al state administration.
Gov. Culberson is the equal of any chief
magistrate who has ever tilled the execu-
tive chair, and I am for him and his as-
sociates unequivocally, uustintingly, freely,
openly and above board, for re-election.
They deserve, as they cordially have, the
confidence, the respect and affection of
the people, who will see that they are tri-
umphantly returned to their present posi-
tions of honor and trust.
As to himself he saiil: "My professional
engagements are such as to require so
muoh of my time that 1 must refrain from
nrnknic other speeches until the fall cam-
:>a.lg,n. Then 1 shall go to the hustings in
support of the democratic ticket .from ton
to bottom, and do what I can honorably
and without bitterness or personalities for
the success of the party. The neople have
been good to me and 1 shall lemain loyal
to them. When I closed my second term
as governor, my ambition for official hon-
ors was fully satisfied. No Dther official
position do I want, nor is it mv desire or
intention to ever aspire to another political
office. Mind you, 1 do not say that 1 never
will become a candidate again for the peo-
ple's suffrage. I am under no obligations
to make such a declaration and never in-
tend to be; but in view of the general sup-
position that every man who takes part in
public affairs, aspires to nfficial honors.
1 feel that it is due to my friends to say
that in te future as in the past, if I rovet
an ol'lice, 1 shall openly, candidly, public-
ly and in due time announce and ask the
people for it. and tell them In plain lan-
guage what my course and acts will be if
they help me to get it. With this state
ment 1 hope they will, as an act of friend-
ship, spare me the burden of answering
their letters on this subject."
The Honest Dollar#
Terrell, Tex.. May 2.—The News corre-
spondent called on the Hon. John L. Ter-
rell at his office, and although he was very
busy, he took time to answer questions in
substance as follows:
"Briefly stated my views on the currency
question are in accord with President
Cleveland and Mr. Carlisle. Some such
action as was taken by the Dallas con-
ference upon the part of those democrats
who are in line with the president and
stand upon tin platforms adopted by the
last national ami state democratic e*on-
ventions, was absolutely necessary or else
submit, servile like, to disfranchisement.
"The action of Mr. Dudley and his
wrongfully secured majority is well known
and no reasonable thinking man can with
any pretense of fairness and justice ap-
prove their anion in submitting the form
of ticket upon the currency question. And
this was done with all the lights before
them, over the protest of a majority of
the committee, as legally and honestly
composed. And tho knew then as well
as now that the many democrats in Texas
who agree with us could not conscientious-
ly vote either of the tickets submitted. It
is evident to my mind that this was a
deliberate and wilfully concocted scheme
to stifle th voice of all democrats whose
opinions were not molded by the dictum
of Dudley aud those from whom he took
tin* cue.
"But this was lit) worse than tin unpre-
cedented assumption of authority in under-
taking to rule the people, th- ir superiors,
aud in directing and ordering not onlv
the form of ticket, but the exact time iiTiil
manner of the election of every voting box
in Texas.
"It was never intended that such au-
thority should b- exercised by a state
committee, and although for some years
oast the commit lee have undertaken to en-
croach upon the rights of the people, this
last out-llerods Herod. And yet Mr. Dud-
ley adds anothci laurel to his well earned
notoriety as a usurper when in his last
maniftsto he commands the various coun-
ty committees to count a vote upon the
currency question, notwithstanding it mav
be different in form from that prescribed
by such county « ommittee.
"At one time (before the days of bosslsm)
I had the honor to be a member of the
state executive committee, but my term
has long sine, expired, and yet I have as
much right and authority to direct and or-
der the action of a county committee as
has Mr. Dudley or his committee.
"The actions by the state committee,
taken with the view of giving to one fac-
tion of the party a decided and unjust ad-
vantage. which have been confirmed bv
many county committees, are such tla-
graut violations of right and partv usage
that honest democrats at whom thev are
named ought not to submit to them
"Believing this. 1 approve In the main
the acts ot the Dallas conference, and
shall stand with those who believe with
me in supporting the platform of princi-
ples adopted by the party. Those who
believe in a sound and an honest monev
should make every effort to elect congress-
men who hold like views, ami wage un-
relenting war for the maintenance of
those principles in all national matters and
against the heresy of unlimited coinage
of silver. h
Instructed for Ilia mi.
Chlllicothe. Hardeman Co., Tex., May 3.—
The free silver democrats of Chlllicothe
precinct organized yesterday and elected
delegates to the several different conven-
tions and instructed for Hhtnd for presi-
dent and Hogg for vice president.
II a I'd > lloolietl.
Clarksville, Tex.. May 2.—It Is announced
that the chairman of the sound money
democratic executive committee of Texas
the Hon. Rufus Hardy of Corsicana wili
speak at this place Monday, llav -i ;it the
courthouse.
Johnson nt Ben Krnnkiln.
Pen Franklin, Delta Co,, Tex., May 2.—
Hon II \\ Johnson, sound monev candi-
date for congress in the fourth district, de-
vered an address this afternoon to a largo
idience.
THE TEXAS DENTISTS
THE XEXT AWIAL MEETING TO
CONVENE MAV li! AT THE CITY
HALL I\ WACO.
THE WORK AS MAPPED OUT,
History null Object of the Association.
Officers unit Committees—Needed
Legislation—Knilroad Kates.
Dallas, Tex., May 4.-(To The News.)-
The Texas dentists will hold their 10th an-
nual meeting at Waco, May 12.
The session will convene in the eity
hall, where every convenience will be pro-
vided by the local committee of arrange-
ments.
From the unusual amount of interest
manifested the prospects are for a very
full attendance.
The history of the association since its
incorporation by the state legislature six-
teen years ago must be very flattering to
its charter members. The beginning was
indeed small. The incorporators were
B. Grant, G. \V. Levin. Thomas Robinson,
H. J. McBride, E. D. Hammer, L. D.
Eastabrook and James McBride. The is-
suance of its charter by the legislature
had its inception In a call made for a
meeting of the dentists of Texas, issued
Sept. 30. 1880. by Dr. J. L. Fountain of
Bryan and signed by the following dent-
ists; Charles C. Thomas. Houston: \\\ H.
( am. Calvert; G. w. Kllington. Hemp-
steael, \. K. Clifton. Waco: George I*.
Mann. Waco: A. H. Seville. Waco: C. I,
Blair. San Antonio: J. B. Chess. San An-
tonio: A. II. Blondin, San Antonio: W. S.
< arruthers, Galveston: K. R. Grant. Aus-
tin: J. L. Fountain, Bryan: M 10. Tar-
rin. Columbus. From the energy and de-
votion of these exemplars of the true scien-
tific spirit has de veloped a large body uf
men whose devotion to their profession
and the association is unexcelled.
Many misconceptions exist among the
laity, and possibly among some non-mem-
be>rs as to the objects of this Incorporate
body, the prevailing one beinu that of
mercenary motives—that is, that its ob-
ject is to keep outsiders from entering
the profession, and to regulate the dental
market, or question of fees, to Its own
satisfaction, in other words, a trust for
the- benefit of the few. In section iv of
its charter is stated: "That the objects of
this association are declared to be the
elevation of the science of dental surgery
in the state of Texas to the standard which
it is entitled, the Interchange and diffusion
of scientific knowledge in the sphere of
legitimate oractfce, and to protect the pro-
fession and the public against the gross
impositions of inexperienced and incom-
petent persons styling themselves dentists,
but who really know nothing of the prac-
tice, and are wholly without authority to
operate."
As further showing Its objects, its con-
stitution. article ii. section i. says:
The objects of the association shall be.
to cultivate the science and art of dentistry
and all collateral branches: to elevate and
sustain the professional character of its
members, and to promote among them so-
cial intercourse and good feeling." As
showing the liberality extended candidates
for membership, article iii of the consti-
tution. section ii. says: "No one shall be
elgible < membership in this association
unless he has passed a satisfactory exam-
ination before the executive committee as
it, charaoter and standing, but no examina-
tion into professional attainments of can-
didates for membership shall be required."
The first officers of the association: Dr.
W. S. Carruthers, president: Dr. C. p..
Stoddard, lirst vice president: Dr. S. K.
Jones, second vice president: Dr. .1. B.
Chess, recrding secretary and tieasurer:
Dr. W. U. Clifton, corresponding secretary:
executive committee. Dr. C. B. Stoddard:
Dr J. L. Fountain: Dr. W. R. Clifton.
The present officers and committees are
as follows: L .P .Robertson, president,
Marlin: O. B. Love, first vice president.
San Antonio: M. S. Merchant, second vice
president. Giddings: J. G. Fife, secretary
and treasurer, Dallas: T. L. Wester Held,
curator of museum. Dallas: Executive com-
mittee, Citorge M. Batten, chairman, Waco;
J. W. David. Mexia: B. D. Griftls. Paris.
Finance committee. H. I.. Pearson. McKin-
ney: J. H. Murphv. Flatonia. Publication
committee, J. G. Fife. Dallas: T. L. Wester-
fiel.l. Dallas. Special committees, suecial
clinic. T. \V. Smith, Palestine: J. H. Grant.
Palestine. Charges, Win. II. Cooke. Den-
ton: J. 11. Lassater. Bolton: II. J. McBride.
Tyler. Charter extension. George M. Pat-
ten. chairman. Waco: J. W. David. Mexia;
li. D. Griftls. Paris: .T. G. Fife. Dallas.
Local commit tees—Arrangement. Geo. M.
Pat ten, Waco: A. A. Seville. Waco. Local
clinic. J. II Boyett, Waco; W R. Clifton.
Waco
The following programme, consisting
largely of practical demonstrations upon
patients selected from among the poor who
are unable to pay for dental operations, will
be carried out:
Tuesday, May 12, 10 a. m.—Calling meet-
ing to order: invocation; president's ail-
dress: discussions; renort of executive com-
mittee; anniMiiM'ihg clinicians for aftern.v-i
clinic; miscellaneous business; payment of
dues.
Afternoon session, 2 p. m.—Clinics Win.
11. Cooke. Denton, large amalgam tilling,
demonstrating engine burnisher: G. J. Wil-
liams, Houston, gold tilling, using Ivory's
separator on anterior teeth and starting
with Sibley's felt foil; Geo. M. 1'alter.
Waco, demonstwiwr "Catapharesis;" J.
L. Fountain. Bryan, taking impressions uf
full cases with plaster and partial lower
cases with modeling compound: W. X
Murphy, La Grange, soft gold filling; 10. O.
Hawes, Hico. making partial gold plate.
Night session, S p. in.—Calling the roll:
reading minutes; report of secretary and
treasui"!', paper by S. W Johnson. Bur-
nett. "The Physiology of Digestion:" dis-
cussions: report of executive committee;
paper by A. F. Sontag, Cleburne, "Histol-
ogy." report on clinics: discussions; an-
nouncement of clinicians for Wednesday's
clinic: adjournment.
Wednesday, May 13, 9 a. m.—Clinics -R. D.
Griftls. Pails, contour porcelain Inlay till-
ing: O. F. Gainbatl. Houston, making and
setting porcelain crown: A. Croasley, At-
lanta. taking plaster impressions: W. X.
Murphy. La Grange, Aluminum plate with
rubber attachment: M. S. Merchant. Gid-
dings. contour gold lllling, anterior teeth,
no wedging.
Clinics. p. m. —O. S. Johnson, Navasota.
demonstrating "Ilolllngsworth's System."
incisor, all cold crown: A. Owen, Cisco,
demonstrating method of articulating the
teeth: George S. Staphs, Sherman, largi-
gold tilling (hand mallet). Mrs. Staples .it
the mallet: O. A. Lester. Busk, gold crown,
porcelain face; O. It. Love, San Antonio,
oral clinic, practical cases.
Night session. * p. m.—Report of finance
committee: report of publication commit-
tee; paper by J. H. Grant. Palestine. "On
the Importance of Dentlstrv:" discussion:
paper by J. H. Boyett, Waco, subject,
"Dental Carles;" discussion: report on clin-
ics: discussion: miscellaneous business: an-
nouncing clinicians for Thursday's clinic;
adjournment.
Thursday. May 14. 9 a. m.—Clliules—A. S.
Grant. Austin, cohesive uold tilling without
separation: II. B. Ilarrell. Gainesville, gold
crown without dies, no special system;
Geo. M. Patten, Waco, difficult case of ir-
regularity, demonstrating his own appli-
ances; J. M. Nash. Breiiham. extracting
teeth, using nitrous oxide gas; A. F. S. o-
tau. Cleburne, gold bridge, demonstrating
practical case.
Clinics. 2 p. m.— J. IT. Murphy, Flatonia
combination gold and platinum ciown. no
dies, original method: II. J. McBride. Tvler,
cleansing the teeth ami treating pyoiriioea
a ve» "aiis: \Y. li. Clifton, Waco, large con-
tour gold tilling (hand mallet). denTonstr.it-
ing "Cataphoresty;M J. w. David, Mexia
setting Li.gan crown, his way; R. i\ Hamil,
Marshall, huge contour gold tilling.
Nighi >• ssion, 8 p. m. Flection of presi-
dent; election of first vice president: elec-
tion of second vice president; election of
three-year member of executive committee;
i lection of secretary ami treasurer: place
of next m«. ting: installation of officers;
report on clinics; discussion* report of com-
mittee on charges; report of charter exten-
sion committee; miscellaneous business; ad-
journment.
The following is part of the programme
as sent out. The executive and special
clinic committees conjointly mako the fol-
lowing announcement:
It has been th object of the members of
the Texas Dental association ever since iis
organization to bring its annual meetings
up to i standard where they would answer-
as a "post graduate" course of instruction
to all \\ ho attend.
We have made special effort to attain
this object this year and the committee on
•ate
•all
clinics earnestly request all who appear on
the programme for a clinic to come pre-
pared with all necessary instruments to do
the work assigned to them. All materials
lor carrying on the work will be furnished
by the association.
The meeting will he held in the city hall;
committee and clinic rooms will be pro-
vided i> the same building. The committee
on arrangements assures the members that
every possible convenience, such as good
lights, water, gas. operating charts, tables,
etc.. will be provided.
Hotel rates will be as follows: The New
McClelland, per day, $1.50: tin Pacific, per
day. $2.'Ki to Central hotel, per dav.
$1.50 to *100; Sligh's Motel Royal, per day.
$1.50 to $L\.">0. In addition to these handsome
rooms can be had at the natatorium and
lower rates at boarding-houses.
The railroads have provided a rat- of
one and one-third fares on the en iii
plan. Members buying tickets must
for a receipt from their agent. This .
ceipt, when stamped by the joint agent at
Waco, and filled out and signed bv th-
secretary, will entitle the holder to a re-
turn ticket at one-third the regular rat..
The prospects are for an unusually inter-
esting meeting, in addtiton to the largi*
number of clinics by some of our best men.
some special attractions are promised,
among which will be the practical demon-
stration of the use of the electric current
in diffusing cocaine or other solutions
through the dentine, to produce anaesthesia
or the tooth, or "eataphoresis."
Let every member try to attend this
meeting as here will be assembled the van
guar.I of the profession in Texas.
Several questions of importance will be
presented at this meeting for consideration,
among them being_t.be procurement of ade-
quate laws governing' the practice of dent-
istry in the siat< and the abolishment of
the unjust occupation tax imposed upon
dentists. The tax is ee.nsidered an unjust
on.- because it discriminotes against one
branch only of the medical profession,
while the medical profession proper is
exempt from the tax.
Tiie following circular letter has been ad-
dressed to every dentist in the slate whose
name could be procured:
Dear doctor- The sixteenth annual ses-
sion of the Texas Dental association will
be held at Waco, commencing Mav 12. ex-
tending through three days. We are con-
fident there are many dentists in tiie .state
who do not fully comprehend tin- ad-
vantages to be derived from being a mem-
ber of such an organization, ami many
others who have no special reason for not
b» coming members. It is the desire of the
association to have included among its
members every legally ipialifled practi-
tioner in the state, and to every such
dentist is extended a cordial invitation to
come to our meeting and join.
The object of the association is well de-
fined in our constitution and by-laws, a
copy of which 1 mailed you last year,
summed up in two words-it is "mutual ad-
vancement." The advantage, here to be
derived are many- in fact these annual
meetings produce educational advancement
of the highest degree ami i i a very prac-
tical nature. The association, realizing
the importance of practical demonstrations
have always striven to make this feature
prominent, but especial effort has been
made this year in that direction. A com-
mittee of clinics, appointed at the last
meeting, have secured a large number of
clinicians who will de monstrate aim .st
everything of interest to the profession,
including "eataphoresis"—which, recently
defined by Prof. W. .1. Morton, means:
"The movement of fluids, together with the
substances they may hold in solution, from
the positive pole of electrodes, conveving a
continuous current in tissue, toward the
negative pole."
The railroads have provided a rate of one
and one-third fare for the round trip, on
the certificate plan. Parties buying tickets
must call for a receipt from their agent.
This receipt, when stamped by the joint
agent at Waco and filled out and signed bv
the secretary, will entitle the holder to it,
return ticket at one-third the regular rate.
Doctor, let me insist upon your attending
this meeting and casting your lot with us.
J. G. FIFE. Secretary and Treasurer.
ENGLAND'S ANCIKNT AHCil MENT.
Wicked \ntlve Customs Make Land
Grabbing- a lloly Deed.
St. Paul's.
On the left of Kumasi, as one came on to
Palaver square, was to be seen the sacred
grove, or "Golgotha," as one man most
aptly called it. Several very large cotton
trees were most conspicuous above the
smaller bush and long grass which extend-
ed right up to the edge of the road. This
clump of bush, with the white trunks of
the cotton trees showing up against the
green, is fair to look upon, but do not let
any one push his way through unless he is
pre pa! . d for a revolting sight.
There, not half a dozen yards from the
road, w.je hundreds and hundreds of hu-
man skulls and bones lying about in uti-'r
confusion all over the space of an acre or
so; everywhere one went one found one's
s df trampling on human bones, which
crackled and powdered up under our feet.
< »u and ever onward we pressed, feeling
sure each step «/<>uld bring us beyond hu-
man remains and we could feel It "was hon-
est earth on which we were treading; but
no. every step was the* sasuc. and when we
dug down we found human he: s still six
inches and a foot beneath the surface.
it was a horrible sight, for we knew that
.•very single one of these skulls had he-
longed to a living human being who had
been killed, not in fair tight, or for wrong-
doing". but by murder-- murdei in *w~''
blood! *
The king no doubt fondly Mattel ed him-
self that he was only sacrificing a legiti-
mate victim to his fetich, and we will give
him the credit for imagining that he was
doing no wi\,ng; but when a thinking- man
who is a Christian sees such a sight and
pictures to himself the wanton, cruel and
usehss waste of human lift which has been
sacrificed to an a!-sura superstition it
make* his blood hoi! and h thanks God
and the Hritish government that at least,
if m> other good has ■ n done by this ex-
pedition, at any ra - i .< m are manv poor
wretches able to *..•■> their miserable
lives for a few years longer, until called
upon by nature t< resign tlu-ni.
Even suppose no immediate monetary r< -
suit is seen or felt by the annexation of
Ashantiland. persons who grumble at the
waste, as they mi-!.; coil it. of government
money by the expediiiou should instead bo
thankful that th y live under a humane
government, which does not hesitate to
take a risk in order to advance the cause
of civilization and help to crush out sav-
agery. Tin v should be proud also to
think that th. r«- are men in plenty iu Hrit-
ain who are nly loo willing to sacrifice
their lives for the same cause.
Nature of KeligimiN lCcstasy.
Appleton's Popular Science Monthly.
The sect known in the eleventh century as
Hosyehasts, and later the Omphaloplyehies
of Mount Athos, claimed to have, and
doubtless did have, the same experience.
Prof. Preyer, in a note to his "Hypnotis-
111 us. has given an interesting account of
them. Their method was to drop the chin
upon the breast, tix the eyes upon the
naval, and wait for the light to burst upon
them. A great ecclesiastical controversy
aI'ese over these practices. The language
which George Fox and the early Quak as
use of the "inner light" seems to point to
thi same thing. One of my graduate stu-
dents, while under ether, had a similar ex-
perience, which maki s an ex. '.lent com-
mentary upon Ploiinus' sia cm. at that the
soul is "pure light." 1 took form. 1 was a
body of light in an ab> ss 0f eta real gray;
111 form 1 was, as memory repr< duces size,
is inches by h. a rounded di-k. I was not
locking at myself, but l knew and saw
myself." Such > xperien, • - would seem,
from my own inquiries, to be far from un-
common ami 1 would b< grateful to any
of my read, is w he , au give nie more cases.
Among the monks and nuns of the medi-
aeval church ecstatic siates were common.
The constant fasting and loss of sleep to
which many of these saints condemned
tlmnis'clves are km. w n upon independent
evidence to be fruitful sources of halluci-
nations. ami prolonged meditation upon a
given topic deiei mined the' general form of
tho vision. The enforced celil-acv of the
monastic life and the practice..ol self-^rt-
ure were further conditions of the greatest
impel lance, llnioice-d e*liUio> freqm ntiv
givis rise to redox neuroses and seli-tori-
ure is in many neurotic individuals a di-
rect stimulus to the very passion.s which
the celibate most desires to repress, 1; is
not surprising therefore that the religious
ecstasies of the ascetic frequently assume
a highly erotic form, although expressed
in the most chaste language, and alternate
with apparitons of the devil in the forms
of incubi and succubae.
-— - - «
\le*. Macuilllnti; a ItemtuiNceuce.
Macmillan's Magazine.
I he elder brother, Daniel Macmillau, had.
died in the summer of 1857, leaving Al> x-
auder the poorer for the loss of a beloved
brother, and the prospects of the firm so
far dimmed that a mind ef -ingular strengta
and a rare sympathy with all that \vi<
highest in religious and speculative thought
was no longer at hand to guide and sug-
gest. Put already the seeds of future suc-
cess lor the business had been sown aud
w <
taring fruit. As early as 18S5 tho
Frederick Maurice was closely as-
! with The young firm. Kingsley'a
ml Ho!" in its original thice-v'ol-
uni.* form appeared in that year and by 1857
had leached a third edition, and in the
saim* >\-ar the firm achieved what Alofc-
and.-r Ma niilUtu always called his first
gi-at popular success in "Tom Brown's
School Da vs."
The author of that admirable story has
related for as in his pathetic memoir of
Daniel Ma millau the fortunes of both
brothers up to this date. Henceforth the
business, already well started on the line*
ft was mainly to follow, was the creatloi)
and _ development of the younger brother-
fur it was not until after many year
he was able to associate others with
partnership.
NUKTIIW Alt!) FLIGHT OF GEI
Hon the Leaders Watch 0*er
Protect Them.
Kansas City (Mo.) Star.
Objects which never fail just now
tract the attention of travelers over
ern Kansas are docks of wild geese ft
upon the rich fields of wheat, whicl
spring seem to spread a carpet of
over all the broad domain. To rest ai
fresh themselves in their annual
northward the geese alight in these
» ••• y select their ground carefully, c
mg a spot it-mote from human habi
and so situated that they may see a
country round about, and thus be
ot the approach of danger in tinie te
flight.
In their migrations northward in th.
ly spring and southward in the lat-
wild geese fly in families of a doz-
twenty, arranging themselves in the
of the letter "A," one side of the
shorter than the other, and the f
gander and the mother goose a litt
advance of the apex. Sometimes j
families unite for a time and trave
gether, but always that inevitable
Is clearly defined in the sky. the pr
sion led by a gander who has tra
the road before and whose "honk! he
guides the flight.
While feeding every family posts a sen-
tinel, who stands in the midst of the feed-
ing flock, his neck stretched high, flxjd
and rigid as a statue.
Traveling over the Rock Islauid railroad
from Topeka to Hutchinson one day last
week with Col. George W. Veale of To-
p. ka, who knows all about wild geese, a
representative of the Star witnessed thjs
spectacle of patience and faithfulness, and
saw, too. an attempt by a farmer boy to
steal upon the flock with a gun. The pas-
sengers crowded to the windows or has-
tened to the car platforms, and the en-
gineer. also interested, slowed down the
train at a creek. The boy crept down a
draw to a point nearest the geese and then
began to work his'way over a rise. Tho
boy was to leeward so the sentinel e-ould
not be warned by scent, and the enem-v
had not eet come into view. Slowly ' "
boy toiled his way. his body flat ag
tii*\ ground. Finally he had dragged
self to a point where he could see
geese feeding over a radius of tw
yards from the sentinel, and moving s
ly in the direction of the boy. He had
to be patient, and his reward would be a
brace ot wild geese. Put he possessed a
boy's curiosity. He raised his head t,o
look. "Quack, quack! sounded the warn-
ing of the sentinel. All was excitement in
the camp the sentinel ran. knowing that
there was danger, the others of the fam-
ily following. After a dash of thirty yards
they rose in the air. but flying low, the
sentinel's guiding "honk!" ahead of thorn.
At the quack of the sentinel the boy rose
and gave chase, but the geese were too
fleet of foot and too far a v. ay when they
took wing, and the boy's shot fell short of
his aim.
The geese were in wild disorder when
they lifted themselves into the air. but
after that not a sound was h a save
from the sentinel, whose notes soon be*
came assuring, and before they had flown
a quarter of a mile they were high in the
sky. an.!, behold, there was the never fail-
ing letter "A."
Then the spectators from the train, which
was now moving rapidly, witnessed an-
other spectacle. The danger past, the seh-
tinel, which had been in the lead, dropped
back and took his position at the end of
the longer arm of the "A." while from
that position the father of the family
pushed to the head of the column, and,
from the end of the shorter arm the moth-
er goose flew forward and joined him.
Until that moment they had been flying
in a southwesterly direction, but honk!
honk!" commanded the leader, and they
whirled tp the northward and soon were
lost to view.
(■old—1'iiNt ami PreHent.
Chamber's Journal.
Just before the California disc
namely, in 1849, the world's anr>-
of gold was only about £6,O0O,t
came the American and Australian
raising the quantity produced in 1853 a<»
value of 4130,000,000. After 1853 there was a
gradual decline to less than £20,000,000 In
1ss3. This was the lowest period, and then
the De Knaap and other discoveries! in Af-
rica began to raise the total slowly again.
Between 1nn3 and 1887 the El Callao mine
in South America and the Mount Morgan
in Australia helped greatly to enlarge the
output, and then in 18s7 the "Randt" be-
gan to yield its riches. The following are
the estimates of a mining expert of the
world's gold production during the five
years. namely: is% £23,700.uu0. 1891
.c4jti, 130.000, 1sh2 il 29.260,000. 1893 £31,110,000,
1894 £ 38,000,000. In these estimates no dis-
tinction seems to iiabeen made between
mine valuations and mint valuations; but
it will be d>serveel that the estimate for
1s94 corns Is with that of the United
State's mill 'horities.
As to t! are of the South African
sources ot'j, .ay it is estimated by Messrs.
Hatch ^ Chalmers, mining engineers, who
have lately published an exhaustive work
on the subject. that before the end ot
the present century the Witwatersrandt
mines alone will be yielding gold to the
value of ULti.tMK'.oOO annually; that early
n.-xt century they will turn out £26,000,00®
annually, and that the known resources
of the district are equal to a total pro-
duction within i he next half century of
L"Ton,000,000, of which, probably. £200,000,000
will be clear profit over the cost of mining.
#
It Looked Like uu I uibrellu.
Washington Tost.
Maior Moore's office in the district build*
ing is a curiosity shop. He has there a-*
collection of articles used by the criminals
who have been run down by the metropol-
itan police, but there is one particular ar«
tide among them that is probably the cen«
tor of interest. In appearance it rescm*
hies an umbrella that has seen much ser-
vice, or it might be taken for a stage um-
brella, such as is used by Marks in "Un-
ci. Tom's Cabin."
This imitation umbrella was formerly the
property of a burglar, and it was by its
means that he was able to enter the sec-
ond story of a building. Removing tha
cover, a stick wound with rope Is revealed.
The stick opens like a telescope, or a
jointed lishpole. Wound around it is a rope
'adder, made of strong material, and about
thirteen feet in length. The ladder is only
wide enough for one foot to be placed on
the rounds.
The .extending stick was used to rais*
on-© end of the ladder to the window
through which the operator wished to en-
ter, and tui one end of the ladder are twj
hooks to be fastened to the sill. The con-
trivance was taken from a colored bur-
glar named James Moore who is now serv-
ing out a twenty years sentence in tin*
Albany penitentiary for house breaking.
Moore was first arrested about ten veam
ago. it was then that lie made use of the
ladder to gain admittance to the houses
that tempted him Me was an old sailor,
and while- on board ship he learned the art
of making and splieing pe Entering the
field of crime, he conceived the idea of the
rope ladders. It is regnrdod as one of the
most ingenious affairs evei made use of by
a thief lie carried no other tools, as he
was what is known in police circles as a
"summe! thi. t one who works when win-
dows are left open Moore operated alone»
as he was afraid to trust a "pal."
The Co>ote« Were Too Cute.
Spokane tWash.) Review
An amusing incident occurred the othep
day on the Lemon farm, near Garfield,
\\ ..--'i Hurt Lemon and an employe of th»
; imi we; plowing, w i en they came across
thi. >ou!'.: coyoii pups which had not yet
t vheir e\c- While they were exam-
ii y. them the old ones appeared and ap-
. el: i i > within fifty yards. Mr. Lemon
; to the house fui a gua and a sack,
a:-i placed lie >oung ones In the sack,
which was tied up and left iu the field until
tlno tt. go in from work. The olel coyotes
kept a respectful distance from the rifle,
but kioveivd around Several turns of th#
ii.dd were made with the plow, and, finally,
When the men , .m- in sight of where they
had lett tin sack coi '.aitilng the young coy-
otcs they stw oil ot the old ones with th«
sack puppies and all streaking it over Ui«
hill, and thai wa» Uic lus; swea ol
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The Galveston Daily News. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 55, No. 42, Ed. 1 Tuesday, May 5, 1896, newspaper, May 5, 1896; Galveston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth465538/m1/5/?q=GRANITE%20SHOALS: accessed May 2, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Library Consortium.